5 Things to Know Before Buying sae 100r2

100R17 Compact High Pressure, 1 and 2 Steel Wire, Constant Pressure Dash No. All Hoses Except A/C and Transportation Transportation and A/C Hoses Only -20 1 1/4” 1 1/8”

Hydraulic hoses have become a staple of many businesses that rely on heavy machinery or equipment. Their ingenious design allows them to transfer hydraulic fluid between different parts of a machine, even under extreme temperatures or high pressure, which has made them an essential component of many industrial processes.

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In this article, we will cover everything you need to know about hydraulic hoses. So, keep reading to find out more…

What is a hydraulic hose?

A hydraulic pipe is a conduit that transfers hydraulic fluid between components in order to make them operate. They play an essential role in a hydraulic system, and are designed to be flexible and capable of stretching over long distances.

In order to create a consistent and reliable flow whilst protecting the hose, a hydraulic hose is made up of three layers; the outer layer, the reinforcement layer, and the inner tube. 

Designed to protect the innards of the hydraulic hose, the outer layer is created from rigid materials, making it resistant to water, oil, and weather conditions.

The reinforcement layer has multiple sheaths made of coil or braided wire, and is designed to protect the inner tube from tears or damage.

In order to allow the passing of fluid, the inner tube is commonly built from synthetic rubber, thermoplastics and Teflon (PTFE). This grants it a free-flowing elasticity and pressure-resistant bearing, whilst also being compatible with the fluid it carries.

Hydraulic fittings are attached to either end of the hose to create a tight seal, and prevent the risk of leaking.

What are the different types of hydraulic hose?

Hydraulic hoses are split into two different categories, which are determined by country standards; Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and European Norm (EN).

SAE hoses are widely considered to be the industry standard, and are commonly used in the UK. SAE hoses can be split down into 16 categories, each denoting specific performance characteristics that are designed to meet certain temperature and pressure requirements. You can see these categories in the chart below:

Category

Type

Pressure level

Temperature range

Suited for

SAE 100R1

Single steel wire braid hose

Medium

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic lines

SAE 100R2

Double wire braid hose

High

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic oil lines

SAE 100R3

Textile braid hose

Low

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic oil, fuel, and water-glycol

SAE 100R4

Suction and return line

Low

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic applications

SAE 100R5

Textile covered single wire braid hose

Medium

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic & pneumatic applications

SAE 100R6

Single textile braid hose

Low

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic oil, petroleum, and water

SAE 100R7

Thermoplastic hose with synthetic fibre reinforcement

Medium

-40° to 93°C

Hydraulic & pneumatic systems

SAE 100R8

Thermoplastic hose with synthetic fibre reinforcement

High

-40° to 93°C

Hydraulic systems

SAE 100R9

Four-spiral wire hose

High

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic systems

SAE 100R10

Four-spiral wire hose

High

-40° to 100°C

High-impulse hydraulic systems

SAE 100R11

Six-spiral wire hose

Extremely high

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic applications

SAE 100R12

Four-spiral wire hose

High

-40° to 121°C

Hydraulic oil systems

SAE 100R13

Multi-spiral wire hose

Very High

-40° to 121°C

Hydraulic applications

SAE 100R14

PTFE-lined, stainless steel wire reinforced hose

High

-54° to 204°C

Hydraulic applications

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SAE 100R15

Six-spiral wire hose

Extremely high

-40° to 121°C

Hydraulic systems

SAE 100R16

Compact, two-wire braid hose

High

-40° to 100°C

Hydraulic applications

How do I choose hydraulic hose fittings?

There are six main types of hydraulic pipe fittings. BSPP, BSPT, UN/UNF, NPT/NPTF, Metric Parallel, and Metric Tapered:

• BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel) are parallel threads that have a constant diameter. They are commonly used in pipe fitting and plumbing, and require an o-ring, gasket, or metal-to-metal seal to ensure a pressure-tight connection.
• BSPT (British Standard Pipe Tapered) threads offer better sealing and a more secure fit than parallel threads. They are commonly used in applications where a tight seal is essential.
• UN/UNF (Unified National Fine) are a fine-pitch thread commonly used in high-precision applications such as in aerospace and automotive industries. They provide excellent sealing and are less likely to cross-thread.
• NPT/NPTF (National Pipe Thread) are a tapered thread designed to create a seal through the interference fit between male and female threads, providing better sealing capabilities without the need for additional sealants.
• Metric Parallel threads, similar to BSPP, have a constant diameter throughout the thread. They are widely used in applications where low-pressure sealing is required.
• Metric Tapered threads create a tight seal when they are screwed together thanks to their gradual decrease in diameter from base to tip. They are commonly used in Europe because of their reliable sealing capabilities.

Check the product specifications of your hydraulic hose to ensure that it is compatible with your chosen hose fitting. Unsure what thread you require? We have the guide for you.

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How do I know what type of hydraulic hose I need?

To determine what type of hydraulic hoses you require, you can use the acronym STAMPED. Let’s break that down:

Size

There are several dimensions you need to consider when selecting a hydraulic hose.

• Length: this should be the distance between the machine parts it intends to connect. If these components move when in use, ensure that the hose doesn’t pinch or stretch too far, as this may cause the machine to malfunction. If you are replacing a hose, make sure to measure the original length before you discard it.
• Diameter: measure both the outside and inside diameters of the hose precisely. Ensure that it will connect to the required fittings. If you need to measure these diameters, you should use a precision-engineered calliper.

With both of these dimensions, note that when the hose contains pressurised hydraulic fluid, it can expand up to approximately 4% of the original size.

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Temperature

Most hydraulic hoses have a maximum fluid temperature allowance between the range of 93° to 150° Celsius. Reaching or exceeding these limits can drastically reduce the lifespan of your hose, which can be accelerated if hydraulic oil with an incorrect viscosity is used.

Application

Consider how the hose will be used. The design of the hydraulic hose allows for some bending, but exceeding this bend radius will damage the reinforcement of the hose and reduce its lifespan.

Where possible, align hydraulic lines in parallel with connectors to reduce the line length and likelihood of damage to the hose.

Materials

Consult a compatibility chart before committing to a hydraulic hose type to ensure it is compatible with the fluid used. This chart should help give a general understanding, but ensure that you consult specific manufacturer guidelines before committing to a purchase:

Material Type

Hydraulic Fluid

Nitrile (NBR)

EPDM

Viton (FKM)

Urethane (AU)

Rubber (Natural)

Mineral Oil

Excellent

Not advised

Excellent

Good

Not advised

Synthetic Oil

Good

Not advised

Excellent

Good

Not advised

Water-Glycol

Good

Excellent

Not advised

Excellent

Average

Phosphate Ester

Not advised

Excellent

Excellent

Average

Not advised

Biodegradable Oil

Good

Good

Good

Good

Average

Air

Good

Excellent

Not advised

Good

Excellent

Diesel Fuel

Excellent

Not advised

Excellent

Good

Not advised

Brake Fluid

Not advised

Excellent

Not advised

Good

Not advised

Pressure

Depending on the pressure capabilities outlined in the hose type table earlier in this article, it’s important to note that the hydraulic hose selected must have a working pressure limit that is equal to or greater than the maximum system pressure. This must account for the possibility of pressure spikes, as any spikes that exceed this maximum pressure limit will significantly damage the hose and reduce its lifespan.

Ends

When selecting hose ends, they must be compatible with the hydraulic hose selected. There are two categories of coupling that connect to most host types; permanent and field-attachable.

Permanent couplings are attached with machinery via a process called cold-forming. This low-cost method is available for most rubber or thermoplastic hoses, and offers a wide array of dependable connections.

Field-attachable couplings allow for attachments to be made with portable machines. They come as screw-together or clamp-type attachments which connect to the outer layer of the hose. Screw couplings attach to the hose by turning the coupling shell over the outer layer of the hose. Clamp attachments have an outer shell that connects with hydraulic hose clamps, and are held in place with bolts or nuts.

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Delivery

The last step of the STAMPED decision process is delivery, in which it is important to consider the availability of the chosen hose. Consider a range of preferable options to remove the worry of long delays or unavailability due to short supply.

Fulfil all your hydraulic hose needs with The Hosemaster.

We have a wide range of hydraulic hose parts and fittings to choose from to suit your needs.

If you have more questions, you can contact us online, or call 604 002 to speak to one of our friendly members of staff.

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