Jul. 14, 2025
Energy
Throughout the country, residential solar panels have become an increasingly popular option for generating energy for homes. The rising costs of energy across the US, along with falling prices for solar panels, and excellent federal tax incentives, have made solar powers a much more attainable and economically beneficial option for homeowners.
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"If you looked at solar just a few years ago, costs have continued to come down since then," said Ben Delman, communications director at Solar United Neighbors. "It depends on your situation, but more and more homeowners and families are deciding that solar makes sense for them as a way to save money by taking control over where their electricity comes from."
Below, explore CNET's expert advice to get you through the process of purchasing solar panels.
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Buying a solar panel system means buying a lot of equipment the average person doesn't have reason to know about. In the most basic terms, photons from the sun are absorbed by the solar panels and converted into direct current, or DC, electricity. For this energy to be used in American homes, it has to go through an inverter attached to the solar array to become alternating current, or AC, electricity.
Read up on what you'll actually be buying with the stories linked below:
Fortunately for the solar-curious, many options exist for homeowners and even renters to get some or most of their electricity needs met with energy from the sun.
The most common way to go solar for homeowners is the installation of panels on their roofs. These systems can be purchased directly through an installer (or assembled for the DIYers) as a large cash purchase or through relatively affordable financing (such as a 1.99% APR 15-year loan). There are also options for rooftop solar for those who may not have the capital to get a project started. These are solar leases, where a homeowner pays a fixed monthly cost to a company who retains ownership of a solar system; or a power purchase agreement, in which a homeowner pays for the electricity generated by solar panels rather than the system itself.
Finally, both homeowners and renters in many places have access to community solar. This option allows people to opt in to a nearby solar farm to enjoy some energy savings.
The costs of solar panels will depend on a few factors, including where you live, how much of your energy needs you want the system to cover, whether you install it yourself and whether you want a battery (which could cost as much as the system itself). The average cost was about $3 per watt in for an 8 kW system through an installer, according to the consulting firm Wood Mackenzie.
The way you pay for your system is vital. You'll notice the biggest hit to your bank balance by paying for solar outright, while financing will spread the expense out over years but with added interest. A lease or PPA is most friendly to the budget-minded, but you won't enjoy the long-term benefits that come with owning a system outright.
Here's the average total cash price, cost per watt and system size for a solar panel system in your state, according to data from FindEnergy.com. These prices don't factor in tax credits or state incentives. Certain states don't have any FindEnergy solar data and are grayed out on the map.
If you're buying a system outright or financing it, you'll receive a 30% tax credit through the Inflation Reduction Act.
To get a better idea of when to expect a return on investment, look at how much energy you've consumed in the past year or two and how much it cost you. Then, working with an installer, figure out how much of your energy you'd like to offset with solar and how much the system will cost. Eventually, the savings from not having to buy electricity from your utility will be greater than the cost of the solar system itself.
"In terms of payback, broadly seven to 12 years is a decent average when you see returns from investment in solar after purchasing a system," Delman said.
It is possible to install most of a solar panel system yourself — mounting the panels on your roof and connecting them to each other. But if your home is connected to a grid, you'll need to hire a licensed electrician for the final connection needed to feed electricity to your utility.
"Another thing to keep in mind if you're doing it yourself is whether the warranties for the panels that you purchase require them to be installed by a professional," Delman said. "Often when people do it themselves, they'll hire an electrician to do the finishing work so it can get certified. It's also good if you're not an expert to have somebody with expertise to just go over the wiring and make sure that everything is where it should be."
If you want to buy panels directly, most hardware stores and larger retailers have them available. If you'd like to get them through a professional, a good place to start, according to Delman, is the website of your local solar industry association (for example, the New York Solar Energy Industries Association). These organizations should have a list of its members, which will often include installers and suppliers. Typically, installers work with one or two solar panel brands.
"Look for an installer who's experienced, particularly with the kind of situation you have at your home," Delman said. "Have they worked with the same roofing materials? Do you want a ground mount system installed? Check reviews on Yelp, Angie's List, Google and others, and get references too." (Solar United Neighbors also offers resources for going solar, free of charge.)
The best way to make sure you're getting the best deal on your solar panels is to get multiple quotes and ask as many questions of your potential installers as you need. CNET has reviewed many of the national solar companies, but it's a good idea to check into local installers, too, who sometimes can offer lower prices.
Solar panel maintenance is generally minimal and fairly easy. Even so, we've got the info you need to keep your panels in the best possible shape.
Solar panels, in general, will work in a variety of climates, even those with frigid winters. The more important questions to ask are: Does my roof get adequate sunlight? Are any trees shading my roof? And most importantly, does my utility offer net metering?
Net metering is perhaps the most important aspect of going solar, in that it stipulates that your energy utility will pay you for the energy created by your solar panels that you don't consume. Net metering ensures that the return on investment in going solar is financially sound.
For most homeowners, buying a backup battery is an expensive proposition, costing almost as much as a solar system itself. Solar batteries can cost anywhere from $12,000 to $22,000, according to the US Department of Energy. If your home is connected to the grid, the high price of batteries puts it squarely in the non-necessity column.
That being said, there are instances where a battery may be worth the expense. If your area is prone to frequent blackouts and/or you have medical needs that, for example, require cold insulin or medical equipment, a battery is a good investment. Batteries will also be a necessity if you live off the grid.
Going solar has another benefit for homeowners: It can boost the price of their properties if and when they decide to sell. According to studies by the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and Zillow, homes with solar panels often sell for about $10,000 more compared to those that don't.
No. Solar panels are a proven technology that can help you shift some of your energy use to cheaper, greener electricity. But that doesn't mean that scammy companies (while apparently rare) don't exist. The company discussed in the story linked below recently went out of business, but a bit of caution is a good thing.
Net metering — the process by which you're paid for electricity generated by your solar panels but sent back to the grid — is a critical factor in whether homeowners should go solar.
"Let's say during a beautiful sunny day, you're at work, the lights, TV and dishwasher are off, so you're probably generating more electricity from your system than you're consuming," Delman said. "When that happens, that electricity goes to the electric grid through your electric meter to be used by your neighbors. Net metering is what ensures you receive credit for that electricity so that your investment is still being paid back even if you're not using the electricity yourself."
You can see what your state's policy toward net metering is here.
Solar won't be an option for everyone. If your home does not receive adequate sunlight due to shading on your roof, you live in a state without net metering or there's no community solar, going solar may not be viable for you.
But with rising energy costs and the falling price of solar panels, for many people there's never been a better time to go solar. There's options to go solar that should fit most people's needs, whether that's through financing, a solar lease, PPA or community solar, that will allow them to start seeing savings on their energy bills almost immediately. By most estimates, a solar system starts paying for itself after between seven and 12 years.
Powering your home with solar not only allows you to get your electricity from a clean source, but provides an unmatched return on investment that will save you money on your energy bills and boost the value of your home.
If you’ve done the research and decided that solar power is right for your home, it’s time to reach out to one of the best solar companies near you. They’ll do a survey of your home and any obstructions in the area around it, then give you an estimate that will show how many solar panels you need, how much they’ll cost, and how soon they’ll pay for themselves.
At this point, you’ll likely have a lot of questions, and you may not even know all the right ones to ask. That’s where we come in.
There are five main categories of questions to ask:
Questions about the company
Questions about solar equipment
Questions about money
Questions about the work being done
Questions about the future
Asking these questions will give you a clear picture of how the installer runs their business, their installation quality, the cost, performance, and savings to expect, and how the company can support you after the installation is complete. Let's take a closer look at the questions to ask a solar installer, so you can rest assured that you've done the right thing for your home.
Join the over 1.5 million Americans who have used SolarReviews to find trusted solar comapniesUnless you’re choosing your sister-in-law’s new solar company because she’s trying to gain some experience, you should pick an installer with a good deal of experience under their belt. You should also make sure they’re licensed to work in your area and are insured against liability for mistakes and accidents.
Here are the questions you should ask a solar installer about themselves:
How long have you been in business?
How many solar systems have you installed?
Are you NABCEP-certified, licensed, bonded, and insured?
What is your business license number?
Can you share references of at least three satisfied customers?
How much experience do you have working with my local utility company?
Do you subcontract work on your systems, and if so, how do you ensure your subcontractors do a good job?
Satisfactory answers to these questions should put you at ease that the solar company is well-established and staffed by professionals. We strongly recommend choosing an installer who will ensure a NABCEP-certified professional will be on site at all times during the installation.
The last two questions in particular are important. Local utility companies all have different rules about how home solar energy systems will connect with their grid, and installers with experience know how to make sure things are done right to ensure that the process goes smoothly.
Subcontractors aren’t a bad thing; in fact, many solar energy companies use subcontracted roofers to attach solar racking systems and master electricians to do the final connection of the system to the electrical panel. Still, it’s good to get clarity on it, because top installers will be clear and forthcoming on this point.
If you use the solar calculator on SolarReviews to find installers near you, you can rest assured that you’ll be matched with certified pros with experience in the solar industry. Our site also has review pages for every installer with information on their certifications and verified reviews from real customers.
When it comes to solar equipment, most installers use high-quality brands with good warranty coverage and longevity, but it always pays to double-check.
You should be 100% sure that what you’re putting on your roof for the better part of the next three decades is built to last and compares favorably to other products on the market.
Here are the questions to ask about solar panels and other equipment:
Why did you choose the equipment you did?
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What kind of system do you have on your own roof or business?
What warranty protection is available for the solar panels, inverter, etc?
What problems have other homeowners had with their solar equipment, if any?
Who do I contact if something goes wrong with my equipment?
How much would it cost to add a solar battery?
Do my solar panels need protection from animals?
You can use these quick tips to help assess the answers you get from solar installers regarding the equipment they choose.
The biggest consideration for most homeowners is cost, and closely tied with that is savings. As we said above, a good solar installer should provide a quote with the total cost, estimated savings per year, and payback period. The quote should also include information on the incentives available to you, including the federal solar tax credit.
Here are the questions to ask about costs and savings associated with your installation:
How can I be sure I am eligible for the solar tax credit?
Are there other incentives, and how do they reduce or repay the cost of the system?
When are payments for the system due? Is the entire amount due at one time?
How long will it take for the solar panels to pay back their cost?
What rate of increase in utility costs do you use in your estimates?
What financing options are available?
Will the payments for financed solar panels increase over time?
Will solar panels increase my home value?
Asking these questions about how solar can save you money and how you can pay for it is important; understanding their answers is just as essential! Here's what you need to know to better understand what the installer tells you.
Enter your zip code and amount of your most recent energy bill to see average solar panel costs in your areaOnce you’ve settled on the price and payment schedule, it’s time to think about the practical matter of getting this stuff on your roof and kicking out kilowatts.
Here are the questions to ask about the solar installation process:
What are the steps of the installation process?
How long will it take to complete the process, and what is the timeline?
What if you don’t finish the work on time?
What if the equipment in my contract isn’t available at installation time?
What guarantees do you offer for your work?
What happens if a leak develops well after the panels have been installed?
Now that you’ve squared away info about how and when the system will be installed and how much it will cost, it’s time to think about what happens during all the years you’ll be harvesting energy from the sun.
Solar panel systems are meant to last for at least 25 years, but things can go wrong, and it pays to be prepared for if that happens.
Here are the questions you should ask about the future:
How will I be able to monitor the solar energy my system generates?
What happens if the solar panels don’t produce as much energy as you claim?
How long will my contract with the utility company last?
What happens if I need my solar panels removed to have work done on my roof?
What if a solar panel fails due to a manufacturing defect or breaks because of a storm or other natural disaster?
What if I want to add additional panels to my installation? What about a battery?
What happens if I move while still paying off the panels?
A good solar quote should contain enough information to make you feel confident that the installer knows what A good solar quote should contain enough information to make you feel confident that the installer knows what they’re doing and will provide you with all the information necessary to make a decision. It should answer more questions than it raises.
We always recommend getting quotes from more than one solar contractor so you can compare what each one offers. As you talk to different solar installers, you’ll start to get a feeling for which one will be your best long-term partner.
Here’s a rundown of all the information you should expect to see in a solar quote:
Solar panel make/model, and number of panels to be installed
Inverter or microinverter make and model
Total system size in kilowatts DC (kW)
Expected electricity production in kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year
Solar panel degradation rate over time (should be 0.5% per year or less)
Anticipated savings in dollars per year (with a clear number for estimated annual increase in utility rates)
Information about any solar incentives for which you qualify
Total system cost before and after incentives, broken down by dollars per watt
Details on any financing or solar loan, including upfront cost, monthly payments, and interest rate/APR
Information about warranties on equipment and workmanship
On a separate page: a satellite photo or 3-D representation of your roof showing proposed panel layout
Multiple options for panels/inverters at different price points
Comparison of solar costs vs. estimated utility costs over time
Details about the cost to add a home solar battery
Battery storage make and model (if any)
Information about solar production monitoring apps
As we said above, a good solar quote should answer the most important questions, like how much the solar panels cost and how much you’ll save. By reading the quote, you should then know all the essential information to determine whether the proposed solar installation will be a good financial investment.
Choosing to install solar panels on your home is a big deal, and if you’re like most people, you’ll want to make sure you’re making a smart choice and asking the right questions.
Whatever questions you ask, your installer should have a good, logical answer for you, and they shouldn’t have any problem answering. You can tell the difference between a good and bad installer by how willing and open they are about answering all your queries.
Solar panels represent the ideal of a low-maintenance product, and once yours are fully installed and activated, you may never have to contact your installer again. Still, you’re about to enter into a 25-year relationship with a company, so you should make sure they are ready to be there for you.
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