The History of Pumps: Through the Years

Author: wenzhang1

May. 27, 2024

The History of Pumps: Through the Years

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Read more about The History of Pumps here.

Editor's Note: This is the second of five parts of our feature, The History of Pumps. This timeline was developed through research, credible sources and the knowledge of friends in the industry, The history of pumps is long and illustrious. This account represents highlights of some of the major historical and technological developments. We welcome your contributions.

UPDATED : See a graph containing the pumps throughout history.

BC Egyptians invent the shadoof to raise water. It uses a long suspended rod with a bucket at one end and a weight at the other. 

200 BC Greek inventor and mathematician Ctesibius invents the water organ, an air pump with valves on the bottom, a tank of water in between them and a row of pipes on top. This is the principal design that is now known as the reciprocating pump.

200 BC Archimedean screw pump is designed by Archimedes is considered one of the greatest inventions of all time and is still in use today for pumping liquids and granulated solids in both the industrialized world and in the third world&#;where it is a preferred way to irrigate agricultural fields without electrical pumps. 

According to Reti, the Brazilian soldier and historian of science, the first machine that could be characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine that appeared in a treatise by the Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini. 

Sliding vane water pump technology is described by Italian engineer Agostino Ramelli in his book &#;The Diverse and Artifactitious Machines of Captain Agostino Ramelli,&#; which also included other pump and engine designs. 

Frenchman Nicolas Grollier de Servière creates an early design for a gear pump. 

Pappenheim, a German engineer, invents the double deep-toothed rotary gear pump, which is still used to lubricate engines. This gear pump made it possible to dispense with the reciprocating slide valves used by Ramelli. Pappenheim drove his machine by an overshot water wheel set in motion by a stream and was used to feed water fountains.  The emperor Ferdinand II granted him a &#;privilege&#; - the equivalent of a patent - in respect of this invention. 

Otto van Guericke invents the piston vacuum pump, which used leather washers to prevent leakage between the cylinder and the piston. 

Sir Samuel Moreland&#;an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician&#;patents the packed plunger pump, capable of raising great quantities of water with far less proportion of strength than a chain or other pump. The piston had a leather seal. Moreland's pump may have been the first use of a piston rod and stuffing box (packed in a cylinder) to displace water.

French-born inventor Denis Papin develops the first true centrifugal pump, one with straight vanes used for local drainage.

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. It is named after the Dutch-Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in a book &#;Hydrodynamica.&#; The principle is applied to various types of fluid flow and is loosely known as Bernoulli's equation. 

Peerless large split case design from the s being installed in the field. Peerless Pump photo courtesy of Grundfos. 

James Watt&#;who invented the steam engine's connecting rod crank mechanism, which made it possible to convert the piston's reciprocating motion into rotary motion&#;designs an oscillating piston machine in which a wing-shaped rotary blade made a near complete revolution uncovering inlet ports in a chamber separated by a curved radial wall.

Briton Thomas Simpson harnesses steam power to pumping engines for municipal water applications and founds the London company Simpson and Thompson Co. (predecessor to Worthington Simpson).

Modern screw pump is invented by Revillion.

Henry R. Worthington invents the first direct-acting steam pumping engine. Worthington Pump designed its first products to power canal boats and U.S. naval vessels. Worthington later pioneered pump designs for boiler feed, oil pipeline and hydro-electric applications.

In Seneca Falls, N.Y., Seabury S. Gould purchases the interests of Edward Mynderse and H.C. Silsby in Downs, Mynderse & Co., forming Downs & Co., later known as Goulds Manufacturing Company.

Goulds casts and assembles the world's first all-metal pump.

British inventor John Appold introduces the curved vane centrifugal pump.

Seabury S. Gould, . Photo courtesy of Goulds Pumps.

John Gwynne files his first centrifugal pump patent. His early pumps were used primarily for land drainage, and many can still be seen today in pump house museums. They were usually powered by Gwynnes' steam engines. By the end of the 19th century, Gwynne was producing pumps of all sizes to cover all industrial applications, from small electric pumps to those rated at 1,000 tons per minute. His company had also begun to produce scientific pumps, e.g., porcelain pumps for chemical works. In the s they were producing almost 1,000 different models.

Worthington produces the first horizontal, duplex, direct-acting steam pumps for boiler feed.

Jacob Edson invents the diaphragm pump and founds the Edson Corporation in Boston, Mass., to manufacture and sell his pump.

Adam Cameron founds the Cameron Steam Pump Works, and becomes another pioneer in reciprocating steam pump engines. Like Worthington, Cameron's first products were used to power merchant marine and U.S. naval vessels. Cameron pumps were later applied in water resources, oil pipeline and refining and boiler feed.

Stork Pompen of Hengelo, Netherlands, pioneers the concrete volute pump for water drainage.

Downs & Company changes its name to Goulds Manufacturing Company. 

UK Professor Osborne Reynolds develops an original design of a centrifugal pump.

Johannes Klein receives a patent on his &#;boiler feed apparatus.&#; With Friedrich Schanzlin and Jakob Becker, he founds the company &#;Frankenthaler Maschinen- & Armatur-Fabrik Klein, Schanzlin & Becker&#; (now known as KSB) to manufacture boiler feed equipment and valves.

Charles Barnes of New Brunswick invents the vane pump.

Wilson-Snyder grows into the premier line of slurry, pipeline and refinery pumps. 

Gotthard Allweiler invents and produces a series of hand wing pumps.

Jens Nielsen, founder of Viking Pump Company, invents the internal gear pumping principal while designing a pump to remove excess water that was seeping into his limestone quarry from a nearby creek.

United Centrifugal Pumps is incorporated. It becomes the world's foremost supplier of high-pressure crude oil and refined product pipeline pumps.

A single and two stage pipeline pump assembly in the s at the Ruhrpumpen plant in Witten, Germany. Photo courtesy of Ruhrpumpen.

Preston K. Wood makes the first deep well turbine pump in Los Angeles, Calif.

Robert Blackmer invents rotary vane pump technology, a pump design that was an important departure from the old gear principle and predecessor to today's sliding vane pumps. 

Siemens files the first German patent for liquid ring vacuum pumps and compressors.

Byron Jackson develops the first deep well vertical turbine pump.

Aldrich Pump Company begins manufacturing the world's first line of reciprocating positive displacement pumps for steel mills and mine dewatering.

Jens Nielsen enlists George &#;Shorty&#; Mathes to construct his gear pump design.

Multistage centrifugal pumps are developed.

Two Goulds triplex pumps are installed in the New York Times building, accomplishing the highest lift of water to date&#;387 feet, 6 inches.

André Petit invents the eccentric disc pump and starts his company, Mouvex, in Paris.

Western Land Roller pioneers the design and manufacture of irrigation pumps.

Hayward Tyler creates its first electric motor for use under water and develops the wet stator motor for use as a boiler circulation glandless motor-pump.

Lewis H. Nash files the first U.S. patent for liquid ring vacuum pumps and compressors.

Jens Nielsen builds the first internal gear pump, founding the Viking Pump Company. The Viking Rotary &#;Gear-Within-A-Gear&#; pump (the first of its kind) is placed on the market.

Durion, a universally corrosion-resistant material, is invented by the Duriron Castings Company (later known as Durco Pump) and is applied to process equipment.

Inventor and engineer Albert Baldwin Wood invents the Wood screw pump.

Viking Pump Company wins the Panama Pacific Award for internal gear design.

Albert Baldwin Wood invents the Wood trash pump. Wood spearheads the reclamation from swamp and the efforts to develop much of the land now occupied by the city of New Orleans. Some of Wood's pumps have been in continuous use for more than 80 years without need of repairs. New ones continue to be built from his designs.

Aldrich produces the first direct motor-driven reciprocating pump.

While Armais Sergeevich Arutunoff first invented submersible pumps in Russia in , their use in the United States did not begin until the s.  Arutunoff first designed his pump for use in ships, water wells and mines. He altered the design to work in oil wells. Thanks to further refinements to Arutunoff's design, there are more types of submersible pumps, allowing use in other applications such as pumping drinking water, creating fountains and pumping wastewater.

The first DORRCOTM Suction Pump is built by Dorr-Oliver Pump Company for the mineral process industry.

Hydraulic Institute is established.

Louis Bergeron invents the concrete volute pump and founds Bergeron S.A. 

Byron Jackson produces the first hot oil pumps for the petroleum industry.

Viking builds its first domestic oil burner pump using a mechanical seal.

Harry LaBour founds LaBour Pump Company. A pioneer in the development of pumps for the chemical industry, LaBour developed corrosion-resistant alloys to incorporate into his pumps. Until his time, sulfuric acid was always pumped with lead pumps, the only known material that could handle certain concentrations of the acid.

Jeumont-Schneider begins manufacturing water and slurry pumps in Jeumont, France. It later develops solids-handling pumps and segmental ring section multistage pumps.

Dorr-Oliver Pump Company develops the OLIVITE series of centrifugals for slurry transfer.

Byron Jackson demonstrates the first use of centrifugal pumps for oil pipeline and the first automatic booster station. 

Ruthman Companies designs the world&#;s first sealless vertical pump.

Durco Pump introduces the world's first pump specifically designed for chemical processing. It would go on to establish undisputed global leadership in ANSI pump design.

Pacific Pump Company produces the first hot oil double casing pump.

O.H. Dorer receives a patent for the first inducer, which reduces the required NPSH. Inducers did not become incorporated into standard pump lines until the s.

Viking introduces a line of hazardous liquid pumps for use in the fuel oil market.

Aldrich produces the first variable stroke multi-cylinder reciprocating pump.

Worthington-Simpson produces the world's largest steam-driven pumping engine for municipal water supply.

Pleuger incorporates in Berlin, Germany. Its first offerings are submersible motor pumps for dewatering in the construction of underground railways and subways. Pleuger pioneers the first successful application of submersible motor pumps in offshore service.

Byron Jackson uses the first double casing feed pump in a power plant.

Stork Pompen produces the first concrete volute pump for drainage, integrating the pump housing in the civil construction of the pumping station.

While inventing a compressor for jet engines, aviation pioneer René Moineau discovers that this principle could also work as a pumping system.The University of Paris awarded Moineau a doctorate of science for his thesis on &#;the new capsulism.&#; His pioneering dissertation laid the groundwork for the progressing cavity pump. 

The original version of the Bush Pump is designed as a closed-top cylinder pump. In the design was modernized. The base of the well was from then on bolted to the well casing and got its current name, The Zimbabwe Bush Pump, the National Standard for hand pumps in Zimbabwe. After Zimbabwe's independence in , the government creates its own modernized version of the pump, B-type Zimbabwe Bush Pump. The pump is today regarded as a national treasure. In , it was pictured on a postal stamp.

J.C. Gorman and Herb Rupp introduce a pump with a &#;non-clogging&#; feature. It outperforms any other self-priming centrifugal pump previously invented. The company Gorman-Rupp is established.

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Robert Sheen invents the metering pump. The core of his invention was a method of controlled volume that was inherent to the pump. The first pumps were assembled in the basement of his father, Milton Roy Sheen's, home, where the initial patterns for castings were made.

Robbins & Myers acquires the North American license for the Moineau progressing cavity pump and brands it with the name Moyno. 

IDP produces the first radially split, pull-from-the-rear process pump.

Worthington produces the world's first hydraulic decoking systems.

- Smith Precision Products Company (Smith Pumps) designs three pumps, two of which (models 300 and 200) were specifically designed for LP-gas transfer.

Durco invents Alloy 20, which is the standard industrial material for corrosive surfaces.

Dorr-Oliver Pump Company develops the Oliver Diaphragm Slurry pump for slurry transfer. Originally designed for mining slurry transfer with their associated acids, it developed into a Primary Sludge Underflow Pump for the wastewater industry starting in the s after the Clean Water Act.

Smith Precision Products Company develops the first liquefied gas transfer pump for LP-gas.

Reuben Smith, of Smith Precision Products Company (Smith Pumps), receives the first approval for an LP-gas pump from the California Industrial Accident Commission. This was for the model 4X pump and the approval was a "suitable for use" certificate.

British Pump Manufacturers Association is founded.

The Gorman-Rupp team creates the first commercially available solids-handling trash pump to respond to the contractor's need for a pump to withstand

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