What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of iron vitriol

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Sari, M., Bloem, M. W., de Pee, S., Schultink, W. J., and Sastroamidjojo, S. Effect of iron-fortified candies on the iron status of children aged 4-6 y in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;73(6):-.

Aguayo, V. M. School-administered weekly iron supplementation--effect on the growth and hemoglobin status of non-anemic Bolivian school-age children. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur.J.Nutr. ;39(6):263-269.

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Olijhoek, G., Megens, J. G., Musto, P., Nogarin, L., Gassmann-Mayer, C., Vercammen, E., and Hayes-Licitra, S. A. Role of oral versus IV iron supplementation in the erythropoietic response to rHuEPO: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Transfusion ;41(7):957-963.

Reddy, P. S., Adsul, B. B., Gandewar, K., Korde, K. M., and Desai, A. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of iron polymaltose complex and folic acid (Mumfer) vs iron formulation (ferrous fumarate) in female patients with anaemia. J.Indian Med.Assoc. ;99(3):154-155.

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Geltman, P. L., Meyers, A. F., and Bauchner, H. Daily multivitamins with iron to prevent anemia in infancy: a randomized clinical trial. Clin.Pediatr.(Phila) ;40(10):549-554.

Giorgini, E., Fisberg, M., de Paula, R. A., Ferreira, A. M., Valle, J., and Braga, J. A. The use of sweet rolls fortified with iron bis-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children. Arch.Latinoam.Nutr. ;51(1 Suppl 1):48-53.

de Paula, R. A. and Fisberg, M. The use of sugar fortified with iron tris-glycinate chelate in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children. Arch.Latinoam.Nutr. ;51(1 Suppl 1):54-59.

Dijkhuizen, M. A., Wieringa, F. T., West, C. E., Martuti, S., and Muhilal. Effects of iron and zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants on micronutrient status and growth. J.Nutr. ;131(11):-.

Dossa, R. A., Ategbo, E. A., Van Raaij, J. M., de Graaf, C., and Hautvast, J. G. Multivitamin-multimineral and iron supplementation did not improve appetite of young stunted and anemic Beninese children. J.Nutr. ;131(11):-.

Jinabhai, C. C., Taylor, M., Coutsoudis, A., Coovadia, H. M., Tomkins, A. M., and Sullivan, K. R. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of antihelminthic treatment and micronutrient fortification on health status and school performance of rural primary school children. Ann Trop Paediatr. ;21(4):319-333.

Stoltzfus, R. J., Kvalsvig, J. D., Chwaya, H. M., Montresor, A., Albonico, M., Tielsch, J. M., Savioli, L., and Pollitt, E. Effects of iron supplementation and anthelmintic treatment on motor and language development of preschool children in Zanzibar: double blind, placebo controlled study. BMJ 12-15-;323():-.

Gruson, K. I., Aharonoff, G. B., Egol, K. A., Zuckerman, J. D., and Koval, K. J. The relationship between admission hemoglobin level and outcome after hip fracture. J Orthop.Trauma ;16(1):39-44.

Aaseth, J., Thomassen, Y., Ellingsen, D. G., and Stoa-Birketvedt, G. Prophylactic iron supplementation in pregnant women in Norway. J.Trace Elem.Med.Biol. ;15(2-3):167-174.

van Stuijvenberg, M. E., Dhansay, M. A., Smuts, C. M., Lombard, C. J., Jogessar, V. B., and Benade, A. J. Long-term evaluation of a micronutrient-fortified biscuit used for addressing micronutrient deficiencies in primary school children. Public Health Nutr ;4(6):-.

Jaruga, P., Jaruga, B., Gackowski, D., Olczak, A., Halota, W., Pawlowska, M., and Olinski, R. Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins prevents oxidative modification of DNA in lymphocytes of HIV-infected patients. Free Radic.Biol Med 3-1-;32(5):414-420.

Sungthong, R., Mo-suwan, L., Chongsuvivatwong, V., and Geater, A. F. Once weekly is superior to daily iron supplementation on height gain but not on hematological improvement among schoolchildren in Thailand. J.Nutr. ;132(3):418-422.

Bayoumeu, F., Subiran-Buisset, C., Baka, N. E., Legagneur, H., Monnier-Barbarino, P., and Laxenaire, M. C. Iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: intravenous route versus oral route. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. ;186(3):518-522.

Michael, B., Coyne, D. W., Fishbane, S., Folkert, V., Lynn, R., Nissenson, A. R., Agarwal, R., Eschbach, J. W., Fadem, S. Z., Trout, J. R., Strobos, J., and Warnock, D. G. Sodium ferric gluconate complex in hemodialysis patients: adverse reactions compared to placebo and iron dextran. Kidney Int. ;61(5):-.

Sungthong, R., Mo-suwan, L., and Chongsuvivatwong, V. Effects of haemoglobin and serum ferritin on cognitive function in school children. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr ;11(2):117-122.

Huo, J., Sun, J., Miao, H., Yu, B., Yang, T., Liu, Z., Lu, C., Chen, J., Zhang, D., Ma, Y., Wang, A., and Li, Y. Therapeutic effects of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce in anaemic children in China. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr ;11(2):123-127.

Domellof, M., Lonnerdal, B., Dewey, K. G., Cohen, R. J., Rivera, L. L., and Hernell, O. Sex differences in iron status during infancy. Pediatrics ;110(3):545-552.

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Ermis, B., Demirel, F., Demircan, N., and Gurel, A. Effects of three different iron supplementations in term healthy infants after 5 months of life. J.Trop.Pediatr. ;48(5):280-284.

Dewey, K. G., Domellof, M., Cohen, R. J., Landa, Rivera L., Hernell, O., and Lonnerdal, B. Iron supplementation affects growth and morbidity of breast-fed infants: results of a randomized trial in Sweden and Honduras. J.Nutr. ;132(11):-.

Zimmermann, M. B., Zeder, C., Chaouki, N., Torresani, T., Saad, A., and Hurrell, R. F. Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Eur.J.Endocrinol. ;147(6):747-753.

de Silva, A., Atukorala, S., Weerasinghe, I., and Ahluwalia, N. Iron supplementation improves iron status and reduces morbidity in children with or without upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled study in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;77(1):234-241.

Wali, A., Mushtaq, A., and Nilofer. Comparative study--efficacy, safety and compliance of intravenous iron sucrose and intramuscular iron sorbitol in iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy. J Pak.Med Assoc ;52(9):392-395.

Beutler, E. History of iron in medicine. Blood Cells Mol.Dis ;29(3):297-308.

Desai, M. R., Mei, J. V., Kariuki, S. K., Wannemuehler, K. A., Phillips-Howard, P. A., Nahlen, B. L., Kager, P. A., Vulule, J. M., and Ter Kuile, F. O. Randomized, controlled trial of daily iron supplementation and intermittent sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of mild childhood anemia in western Kenya. J.Infect.Dis. 2-15-;187(4):658-666.

Ramakrishnan, U., Gonzalez-Cossio, T., Neufeld, L. M., Rivera, J., and Martorell, R. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy does not lead to greater infant birth size than does iron-only supplementation: a randomized controlled trial in a semirural community in Mexico. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;77(3):720-725.

Christian, P., Khatry, S. K., Katz, J., Pradhan, E. K., LeClerq, S. C., Shrestha, S. R., Adhikari, R. K., Sommer, A., and West, K. P., Jr. Effects of alternative maternal micronutrient supplements on low birth weight in rural Nepal: double blind randomised community trial. BMJ 3-15-;326():571.

Rosencher, N., Kerkkamp, H. E., Macheras, G., Munuera, L. M., Menichella, G., Barton, D. M., Cremers, S., and Abraham, I. L. Orthopedic Surgery Transfusion Hemoglobin European Overview (OSTHEO) study: blood management in elective knee and hip arthroplasty in Europe. Transfusion ;43(4):459-469.

Lind, T., Lonnerdal, B., Stenlund, H., Ismail, D., Seswandhana, R., Ekstrom, E. C., and Persson, L. A. A community-based randomized controlled trial of iron and zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants: interactions between iron and zinc. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;77(4):883-890.

Ash, D. M., Tatala, S. R., Frongillo, E. A., Jr., Ndossi, G. D., and Latham, M. C. Randomized efficacy trial of a micronutrient-fortified beverage in primary school children in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr ;77(4):891-898.

Geerligs, P. P., Brabin, B., Mkumbwa, A., Broadhead, R., and Cuevas, L. E. The effect on haemoglobin of the use of iron cooking pots in rural Malawian households in an area with high malaria prevalence: a randomized trial. Trop.Med.Int.Health ;8(4):310-315.

Miglioranza, L. H., Matsuo, T., Caballero-Cordoba, G. M., Dichi, J. B., Cyrino, E. S., Oliveira, I. B., Martins, M. S., Polezer, N. M., and Dichi, I. Effect of long-term fortification of whey drink with ferrous bisglycinate on anemia prevalence in children and adolescents from deprived areas in Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Nutrition ;19(5):419-421.

Aggarwal, H. K., Nand, N., Singh, S., Singh, M., Hemant, and Kaushik, G. Comparison of oral versus intravenous iron therapy in predialysis patients of chronic renal failure receiving recombinant human erythropoietin. J.Assoc.Physicians India ;51:170-174.

Majumdar, I., Paul, P., Talib, V. H., and Ranga, S. The effect of iron therapy on the growth of iron-replete and iron-deplete children. J.Trop.Pediatr. ;49(2):84-88.

Merialdi, M., Carroli, G., Villar, J., Abalos, E., Gulmezoglu, A. M., Kulier, R., and de, Onis M. Nutritional interventions during pregnancy for the prevention or treatment of impaired fetal growth: an overview of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr ;133(5 Suppl 2):S-S.

Abrams, S. A., Mushi, A., Hilmers, D. C., Griffin, I. J., Davila, P., and Allen, L. A multinutrient-fortified beverage enhances the nutritional status of children in Botswana. J Nutr ;133(6):-.

Makrides, M., Crowther, C. A., Gibson, R. A., Gibson, R. S., and Skeaff, C. M. Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose iron supplements during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;78(1):145-153.

Geerligs, P. D., Brabin, B. J., and Omari, A. A. Food prepared in iron cooking pots as an intervention for reducing iron deficiency anaemia in developing countries: a systematic review. J.Hum.Nutr.Diet. ;16(4):275-281.

Thuy, P. V., Berger, J., Davidsson, L., Khan, N. C., Lam, N. T., Cook, J. D., Hurrell, R. F., and Khoi, H. H. Regular consumption of NaFeEDTA-fortified fish sauce improves iron status and reduces the prevalence of anemia in anemic Vietnamese women. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;78(2):284-290.

Oelofse, A., Van Raaij, J. M., Benade, A. J., Dhansay, M. A., Tolboom, J. J., and Hautvast, J. G. The effect of a micronutrient-fortified complementary food on micronutrient status, growth and development of 6- to 12-month-old disadvantaged urban South African infants. Int J Food Sci Nutr ;54(5):399-407.

PRITCHARD, J. A. and HUNT, C. F. A comparison of the hematologic responses following the routine prenatal administration of intramuscular and oral iron. Surg Gynecol.Obstet. ;106(5):516-518.

Kerr, D. N. and DAVIDSON, S. The prophylaxis of iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Lancet 9-6-;2():483-488.

Hathirat, P., Valyasevi, A., Kotchabhakdi, N. J., Rojroongwasinkul, N., and Pollitt, E. Effects of an iron supplementation trial on the Fe status of Thai schoolchildren. Br.J.Nutr. ;68(1):245-252.

HANKIN, M. E. THE VALUE OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY. Aust N.Z.J Obstet.Gynaecol. ;41:111-118.

DAWSON, D. W., GOLDTHORP, W. O., and SPENCER, D. PARENTERAL IRON THERAPY IN PREGNANCY. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Br Commonw. ;72:89-93.

HOLLY, R. G. Anemia in pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. ;5(4):562-568.

HOOD, W. E., Jr. and BOND, W. L. Iron deficiency prophylaxis during pregnancy. Obstet.Gynecol. ;16:82-84.

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Cogswell, M. E., Parvanta, I., Ickes, L., Yip, R., and Brittenham, G. M. Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. ;78(4):773-781.

Christian, P., Shrestha, J., LeClerq, S. C., Khatry, S. K., Jiang, T., Wagner, T., Katz, J., and West, K. P., Jr. Supplementation with micronutrients in addition to iron and folic acid does not further improve the hematologic status of pregnant women in rural Nepal. J.Nutr. ;133(11):-.

Friel, J. K., Aziz, K., Andrews, W. L., Harding, S. V., Courage, M. L., and Adams, R. J. A double-masked, randomized control trial of iron supplementation in early infancy in healthy term breast-fed infants. J.Pediatr. ;143(5):582-586.

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The primary benefit of taking ferrous sulfate supplements is to maintain normal iron levels in the body.

Doing so may prevent you from experiencing iron deficiency, as well as the range of mild to severe side effects that often accompany it.

Here’s a closer look at the benefits of taking ferrous sulfate supplements.

Helps maintain normal blood iron levels

Iron is one of the most common elements on earth, and it’s an essential mineral. That means people need to consume it in their diet for optimal health.

The body primarily uses iron as part of the red blood cell proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin, which are essential for transporting and storing oxygen (6).

Iron also plays an important role in the formation of hormones, the health and development of the nervous system, and basic cell functioning (6).

Although many people consume iron as a dietary supplement, you can also find it naturally in many foods, including beans, spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, and particularly meat and seafood, including oysters, sardines, poultry, and beef (6).

Some foods, such as fortified breakfast cereals, are not naturally high in iron, but manufacturers add iron to make them a good source of this mineral (6).

Many of the highest sources of iron are animal products. Therefore, vegans, vegetarians, and people who do not consume many iron-rich foods as a part of their normal diet may benefit from taking ferrous sulfate iron supplements to help maintain their iron stores (7).

May prevent symptoms of iron deficiency

Taking ferrous sulfate supplements is a simple way to treat, prevent, or reverse low blood iron levels.

Preventing iron deficiency not only ensures that your body has enough of the essential nutrient to continue functioning properly but also can help you avoid many of the unpleasant side effects of low iron levels.

Some of the most notable side effects of low iron levels include (6, 8, 9, 10):

• fatigue
• headaches
• feeling weak
• low energy levels
• difficulty concentrating
• difficulty thinking clearly
• hair loss
• brittle nails
• upset stomach
• poor immunity
• heart palpitations
• restless leg syndrome
• shortness of breath
• the inability to regulate body temperature
• pica, an urge to eat nonfood items, such as paint or soap

This is a general overview — not a comprehensive list — of all the symptoms of low iron levels.

Symptoms may worsen as an iron deficiency progresses from mild to severe.

Used to treat iron deficiency anemia

Anemia is a condition that occurs when your blood has low amounts of red blood cells or hemoglobin (11).

Because iron is a critical part of the red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, having iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia (9, 12, 13).

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a severe form of iron deficiency that has significant effects on the human body and may cause some of the more serious symptoms associated with iron deficiency.

One of the most common and effective treatments for IDA is taking an oral iron supplement, such as ferrous sulfate (14, 15).

Might improve surgical outcomes

Multiple research studies have cited having iron deficiency as a risk factor for increased rates of complications and mortality following surgery.

One study looked at the outcomes for 730 people who underwent heart surgery, including those with ferritin levels below 100 mcg per liter — a sign of iron deficiency (16).

The iron deficient participants were more likely to experience serious adverse events during surgery, including death. They also required a longer stay in the hospital, on average, after surgery (16).

Iron deficiency appears to have similar effects in other types of surgery. One study analyzed more than 227,000 surgical procedures and determined that even mild IDA prior to surgery increased the risk of health complications and mortality following the procedure (17).

Because ferrous sulfate supplements can treat and prevent iron deficiency, taking them prior to having surgery could improve the outcome and reduce the risk of complications (18).

However, it may take time to increase iron levels via supplementation.

Though oral iron supplements like ferrous sulfate are an effective way to increase iron stores in the body, a person may need to take supplements every day for 2–5 months to bring their iron stores up to normal levels (18, 19).

Thus, people with iron deficiency who do not have multiple months to try and increase iron stores prior to surgery may not benefit from ferrous sulfate supplements and require another type of iron therapy instead (20, 21).

Furthermore, research studies on iron therapy for people who have anemia before surgery are limited in size and scope. Scientists still need to conduct more high quality studies to investigate the best ways for people to increase their iron levels before surgery (21).

Summary

People primarily use ferrous sulfate supplements to prevent iron deficiencies, treat iron deficiency anemia, and maintain normal iron levels. The supplements may prevent the adverse side effects of iron deficiency.

Ferrous sulfate supplements usually come in the form of oral tablets. You can also take them as a liquid drop.

The tablets are often red, green, or white.

The supplements may be listed under a variety of names, including:

• ferrous sulfate
• iron (Fe)
• Slow Fe
• Ironorm
• Feratab
• Ferosul
• Feosol
• Feospan
• Ferrograd
• Fer-In-Sol

If you want to take ferrous sulfate, it’s important to look closely at the label for the words “ferrous sulfate” rather than choosing any iron supplement.

This is because iron supplements can contain different types of iron.

Most supplements will clearly state the type of iron on the front label.

Many daily multivitamins also contain iron. However, there’s no guarantee that the iron they contain is ferrous sulfate unless it says so on the label.

Suggested dosage

In some cases, knowing the amount of ferrous sulfate to take can be tricky. Always talk to your healthcare provider to determine the right dosage for you.

There’s no official recommendation regarding the amount of ferrous sulfate you should take each day. The amount will vary depending on factors like your age, sex, health status, and the reason why you’re taking the supplements.

Many of the multivitamins containing iron provide around 18 mg or 100% of the Daily Value (DV) for iron. However, one ferrous sulfate tablet typically provides closer to 65 mg of iron, or 360% of the DV (6).

The general recommendation for treating iron deficiency or anemia is to take one to three 65-mg tablets daily.

That said, the total amount you should take each day may vary.

Some preliminary research suggests that taking iron supplements every other day — rather than daily — may be just as effective, if not more effective, than taking the supplements daily (22, 23).

Your healthcare provider will be able to provide a more specific and personalized recommendation regarding how much ferrous sulfate to take and how often, depending on your blood iron levels and personal circumstances.

When to take it

Certain foods and nutrients, such as calcium, zinc, or magnesium, might interfere with iron absorption and vice versa. Therefore, some people try to take ferrous sulfate supplements on an empty stomach for the greatest absorption (14, 24, 25).

However, taking ferrous sulfate supplements — or any other iron supplement — on an empty stomach may cause stomach pain and distress.

As such, healthcare providers generally recommended taking ferrous sulfate supplements with a meal.

Try taking ferrous sulfate supplements with meals that are low in calcium and do not include beverages that are high in phytates, such as coffee and tea (14, 26).

On the other hand, vitamin C may increase the amount of iron absorbed from ferrous sulfate supplements. Taking ferrous sulfate together with vitamin-C-rich juice or food might help your body absorb more iron (14, 27, 28).

Summary

There are many different forms of ferrous sulfate supplements on the market. Most are oral tablets, though liquid drops are also available. Always check with your healthcare provider before deciding how much ferrous sulfate to take.

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